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<v ->Another finding you will see with osteoporosis of the knee

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is thickening of the ligaments,

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more often on the medial side than on the lateral side.

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Now I wanted to emphasize that

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because there's a tendency among radiologists

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when they see thickened ligaments

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to suggest there's been an injury,

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and if the ligament is thick

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they often will say it is a remote injury.

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Clearly remote injuries do produce thicken ligaments.

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But if you're dealing with a person

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who has significant osteoarthrosis

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as in this case, with cartilage loss and osteophytes,

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gradual thickening of ligaments is common

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and relates to the altered biomechanics of the joint.

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It does not imply definitely a remote injury

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to that ligament.

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Another finding that we see in osteoarthrosis

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but in other conditions as well

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is increased signal intensity in this subchondral bone.

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Now I will admit that I am sloppy

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about this particular finding in my description,

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and I often just say marrow edema.

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But the purist would tell me

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that it's not always edema histologically.

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When you look at the histologic findings

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it may represent marrow necrosis,

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marrow fibrosis, fibrovascular ingrowth

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and you can see the various things including marrow edema.

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So I know there is a tendency for some people

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to call this bone marrow edema-like changes, BMEL changes.

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I will not be using that term often

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during these lectures, I don't use it often.

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Probably I should, but I kind of gotten in my ways now

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and I tend to call this marrow edema.

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It is common in the subchondral bone with osteoarthrosis

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and it may extend into the marginal

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and central osteophytes as in this case