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Wk 8, Case 4 - Review

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0:05

And what did you think about this when you dictated out? Do you, do you recall?

0:09

Initially I thought because in the history you have given,

0:13

there is no vascularity.

0:15

So you basically rule out the angio fibroma the tumor, right.

0:19

Angio fibroma.

0:21

So I just left with I thinking of whether can you be peripheral the

0:26

nerve? She the sonoma initially I thought,

0:29

can you be Sonoma because it's mainly in the telco for mm-hmm.

0:34

And other than that I thought,

0:36

can you be some survival grand tumor or squam cell carcinoma?

0:41

Yep.

0:42

Yeah. All good thoughts. Um, and I think I gave you my original dictation too.

0:46

I didn't wanna hide anything from you all, but Yeah, exactly right.

0:49

When I first thought I thought it was gonna be juvenile angio fibroma,

0:51

but when I looked at 'em more, there was actually no, no flow voids. There's no,

0:55

um, uh, no flow voids and really not much mass effect on the posterior wall.

1:00

And then it was actually extending, um, into the

1:07

groove for the inferior alveolar nerve, which raises the possibility,

1:10

like you said, of a neurofibroma schwannoma.

1:15

Uh, so then it came back and it turned out it was a, uh, I believe,

1:18

I think the phylo path was a sarcoma, I believe,

1:22

I think it was a spindle cell sarcoma or a,

1:25

I have to remember what the diagnosis was.

1:26

Would you remember what the diagnosis was on the report?

1:30

Spindle cell carcinoma,

1:33

A spindle cell carcinoma. Very, very rare. They sent it out to multiple, um,

1:37

pathologists and I think they sent it to the Mayo Clinic and that's what they

1:40

ended up saying that it was a spindle cell sarcoma that was arising from the

1:44

tego palatine fossa. And, uh, it was, looks like it was growing along. Uh,

1:49

it looks for all the world. It does look like perineural extension, um,

1:54

into the, um, ramus of the mandible. So it's a very unusual case.

1:58

Probably the one, probably one of the toughest cases of this module.

2:02

Any questions on this one or you just glad this case is over?

2:06

So on the, the explanation you say there is,

2:09

there is extension of this mass into the telecom,

2:13

telecom mandibular fisure,

2:14

which is very unlikely for juvenile and geo fibroma.

2:19

Yeah, I think that's true. Yeah.

2:20

The other thing too is notice how it's displacing the superior, the, um,

2:23

lateral oid and the medial oid. See this enhancement right here?

2:27

Yes.

2:28

And that really looks like it's extending along the nerve.

2:31

I'll have to go back and look at exactly what the nerve is.

2:33

The nerve that there are two nerves that actually run through here.

2:35

One's the inferior alveolar nerve and the other one is the lingual nerve.

2:40

Now those tend to join along the medial portion

2:45

of the medial oid muscle

2:50

to form V three. And so normally it's right here to form V three,

2:55

then it goes up through frame oval.

2:56

But what's interesting about this is that it looks, it,

3:00

we can see that it's involving the, the, uh,

3:04

mandibular notch right here. And it's actually growing me, uh, superior me, uh,

3:08

uh, anterior medially. So it looks like it's growing along the nerve.

3:13

I've just gotta figure out what nerve that is.

3:15

I'll have to go back to the anatomy textbooks.

3:19

Yeah. Because inferior,

3:21

inferior al nerve will go to the foren or valley in instead of going to

3:26

Teleco type.

3:28

That's correct. Yeah.

3:29

The main inferior alveolar nerve will go between the medial and the lateral oid,

3:32

join with the lingual nerve, and then grow up to the skull base. In fact,

3:35

we have a, we have a exhibit on that at as S N R this year,

3:40

So I need to find out why is the enough.

3:44

Yeah, exactly. Yeah. Initially

3:46

I thought there is a involvement or inferior,

3:48

but why it goes to the he for site, I,

3:53

I still cannot comprehend.

3:55

Yeah, it's gotta be a branch. It has to be one of those branches. Yes.

3:59

I just have to go back and look it up.

4:01

And then you mentioned that for the young child,

4:03

because of the tibular ator space,

4:06

we need to think of the rap myo saccharide as well.

4:10

Yes, yes, exactly right. That would actually be the number one.

4:14

Okay.

4:16

That would actually be, the number one would be a rhabdomyosarcoma,

4:19

just based on statistics alone.

Report

Patient History
Left-sided mandible lesion. Prior MRA demonstrated no hypervascularity within the mass.

Findings
There is a mass involving the left pterygopalatine fossa extending laterally along the masticator space to involve the left mandible. This abnormality expands the pterygopalatine fossa and homogeneously enhances. The mass appears to superiorly displace the internal maxillary artery. The lesion appears to arise in the left pterygopalatine fossa and extends laterally and erodes the inner cortex of the mandible with extension into the medullary cavity. There is enhancement involving the region of the left mandibular notch and the lesion appears to surround the expected location of the inferior alveolar nerve within the ramus of the mandible. The superior aspect of the lesion extends to the condylar neck. No obvious involvement is identified involving the left masseter muscle.

Imaging of the neck demonstrates some asymmetrically prominent left-sided lymph nodes. There also appears to be slight asymmetrical enhancement involving the left submandibular gland. Significance of this is unclear. No evidence of obstructive lesions identified within the floor of mouth.

Conclusions
1. Diffusely homogeneously enhancing mass involving the left pterygopalatine fossa extending laterally along the masticator space to involve the mandible. The lack of hypervascularity makes juvenile angiofibroma less likely. Differential diagnosis includes low-grade mesenchymal tumor, neurogenic tumor, fibromatosis, IgG4 associated disease, or, less likely, lymphoma.
2. Asymmetrically enlarged left level 2 and level 5 lymph nodes.
3. Findings suggestive of asymmetrical enhancement involving the left submandibular gland.

Case Discussion

Faculty

David M Yousem, MD, MBA

Professor of Radiology, Vice Chairman and Associate Dean

Johns Hopkins University

Suresh K Mukherji, MD, FACR, MBA

Clinical Professor, University of Illinois & Rutgers University. Faculty, Michigan State University. Director Head & Neck Radiology, ProScan Imaging

Tags

Neuroradiology

MRI

Head and Neck