0:00

Finally, the field of view.

0:03

For an image intensifier, it is always circular because the image intensifier

0:07

is always circular.

0:09

It's round, whereas it can get distorted with

0:13

image intensifier because the input screen is slightly curvature.

0:18

It can create an artifact. This is called a pincushion

0:21

artifact. Basically,

0:24

it is pushing the field of view in different direction.

0:27

On a flat panel, one of the advantage is rectangular.

0:30

You can see a larger part of the anatomy, and no matter how

0:34

large or small you do, there is no geometric distortion is present

0:38

with a flat panel compared to the image

0:42

intensifier.

0:44

This is a photograph of a uniform wire mesh pattern used

0:48

for mapping on the II and flat panel to show

0:52

disadvantage of the II system.

0:56

You can see here it is increasingly blurry

0:59

compared to this one with a wire mesh pattern.

1:04

The II and TV has a

1:08

limited dynamic range. They cannot keep increasing the dose or increase the

1:11

brightness, whereas in the flat panel detector with the lookup

1:15

table, the image glare reduces due to wide

1:19

dynamic range, so therefore, the image quality also

1:21

improves. Low contrast

1:24

resolution. The flat panel detector devices

1:28

versus image intensifier.

1:30

On the right-hand side is the image intensifier or a TV screen.

1:34

For the same image quality, look at the loss in the image contrast

1:38

at the smaller area.

1:40

Compared to the flat panel detector, you can see much better

1:43

visualization of the objects.

1:46

What is the difference between the flat panel and the image intensifier?

1:50

Flat panel, which is digital, has a wide dynamic range.

1:54

II has a limited dynamic range. Geometric distortion

1:58

is none, whereas with image intensifier, it can

2:02

cause a pincushion syndrome or a S-distortion artifact.