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This final case that I will show in the neonatal lung

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disorder section is a case of neonatal pneumonia.

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This particular baby happens

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to be a term baby born at 39 weeks gestational age.

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We have a number of findings here.

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We can see that there are multifocal streak opacities,

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as well as bilateral pleural effusions.

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We also have areas with more confluent or even hazy

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and granular opacities in the right upper lobe.

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Neonatal pneumonia can have a variety of appearances,

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but it is important to realize

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that particularly in premature babies

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that have neonatal pneumonia, they can have the hazy

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and granular opacities that we characteristically describe

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for surfactant deficiency disease.

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And so although it can look similar,

0:49

it might be a different entity.

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Importantly, however,

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while we can see pleural effusions in neonatal pneumonia,

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we don't typically see pleural effusions in

0:59

surfactant deficiency disease.

1:01

So if you have what looks like an SDD pattern,

1:04

but you also have pleural effusions, it's much more likely

1:08

to be neonatal pneumonia.

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Additionally, you can have opacities such as

1:14

with this patient with streaky and patchy components.

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You can have reticular opacities, confluent opacities.

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You can have many different

1:22

appearances to neonatal pneumonia.

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These patients, regardless of their gestational age,

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are subsequently at risk for air leak complications such

1:31

as pneumothorax and pneumo mediastinum.

1:35

In developed countries, the most typical pathogen

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for neonatal pneumonia is group beta strep.

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And that is why mothers are screened for GBS towards the end

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of their pregnancy so

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that they can be prophylactically treated if need be

1:51

in developing countries.

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E coli is the more common pathogen.