0:00

Then finally in the last few slides, what about

0:05

abnormalities in the immature skeleton?

0:08

Well, the one that's most famous, the most famous form is

0:11

of little leaguer's.

0:13

Shoulder involves proximal humerus.

0:16

We use that term because we have little leagues in,

0:20

in the United States where these young, the children

0:24

and young teenagers will be involved in baseball.

0:28

And many of 'em love to be the baseball pitcher

0:31

and they actually rotate them sometimes during the game.

0:34

And what they will develop over a period of time is stress.

0:38

And in this particular location, in the immature skeleton,

0:42

it's theis of the proximal humerus that may be involved.

0:46

And that has led to a variety of rules regarding

0:49

how often they can pitch, how many pitches they can throw,

0:53

what pitches they can throw.

0:55

The typical abnormality is widening of the fsis.

0:59

It tends to be a little bit wider laterally.

1:02

We see edema associated

1:04

with widening when we study this condition with mr.

1:08

Here's another example, showing you abnormal signal

1:11

and widening of the proximal phasis.

1:15

Now we get other forms of little league shoulder.

1:17

Another one involves the hypothesis at the base

1:20

of the coracoid process.

1:22

So indeed what we can see normally, we can see

1:25

what the FSIS looks like

1:27

and OO over time owing to stress, widening of that FSIS

1:32

and edema may occur.

1:35

And then the final aspect,

1:37

where I would say you can get little league shoulder,

1:39

relates to the tuberosities of the proximal humerus

1:44

they fuse and a variety of fashions.

1:46

I've listed some of the facts here in the bottom left,

1:49

but owing to stress, you may get displacement related

1:54

to injury to the fsis.

1:56

I've seen this most commonly involving the FSIS

1:59

of the lesser tuberosity.

2:02

It will become displaced with associated edema involving

2:06

that particular region.

2:08

So that is what it looks like.

2:10

So what I've done in my period of time is to give you

2:15

a review of the pathogenesis

2:17

and imaging findings

2:18

of musculoskeletal abnormalities associated

2:21

with overhead throwing sports, particularly baseball.

2:25

And I showed you mainly professional baseball pitchers.

2:28

Hopefully you, you've learned some of the concepts, some

2:32

of the controversies that are still going on currently.

2:35

And you've learned to look for the typical lesions

2:39

that are involved.