0:00

Okay.

0:01

Scalp collections. Uh, it's normal to have capsid Tanium.

0:04

So that's basically, as you go through the birth canal, some

0:06

of that fluid gets forced into the connective tissue.

0:08

And, uh, it resolves.

0:09

It's kind of along the co uh, the vertex here.

0:12

Uh, there's something called delayed sub Baal

0:14

neurotic collections of infancy.

0:15

So these don't, are not present at birth.

0:17

They, they come up like a couple weeks to like, maybe,

0:20

you know, four, four plus weeks after,

0:23

and they're kind of boggy and fluctuate.

0:25

And so, uh, the idea is that maybe like, uh, there's some,

0:29

you know, impaired, you know, glymphatic

0:31

or lymphatic drainage, the,

0:32

and it's often associated with more difficult deliveries.

0:35

But these also will solve resolve,

0:36

and they're kind of like fluctuate.

0:38

And most importantly, they're delayed.

0:40

They don't actually, they're not present to birds,

0:41

and they're simple collections.

0:43

Uh, cephalohematoma.

0:44

So this one is actually limited by sutures

0:47

because it's actually a periosteum.

0:48

We can see that there's some mineralization of this.

0:50

It's actually that outer layer

0:51

of the periosteum being uplifted

0:52

and the hemorrhage is going into that space, right?

0:55

And so these can actually ossify

0:57

and become part of the skull and just become an asymmetry.

1:00

But again, you see that thin mineralized layer

1:02

of periosteum, and they basically are delimited by suture.

1:05

So kernel, squamous suture,

1:07

sagal suture, they do not go beyond.

1:10

So gallic hematomas, just like an adult, right,

1:12

require an actual skull fracture, right?

1:14

So this, this, uh, kid had, uh, forceps, uh, delivery

1:18

and so has a lot of skull fractures, has some, a lot

1:20

of subdural blood products, venous sinus injury.

1:23

And then like a lot of subgaleal blood, um,

1:27

other scalp collections,

1:28

you can actually have meningo seals.

1:29

You can actually have herniated brain, right?

1:30

Not just, uh, it's like adual

1:31

bone defect in herniated brain.

1:33

So these can be anterior

1:34

or occipital like fronto, ethmoidal nasal.

1:37

We see those more in the Asian population.

1:39

Uh, the posterior ones, uh, are more North America, Europe.

1:41

So you can have etre encephalocele in the parietal

1:44

region most commonly.

1:45

And so these are actually, like,

1:46

they were meningocele and they kind of closed down.

1:48

And so you just have a little residual fibrovascular stock,

1:51

but a lot of times they're no longer communicating.

1:53

They're kind of functionally close it, they can just kind

1:55

of resect this thing.

1:56

And so they have a little bit of, you know, a kind of,

1:59

everything's converging toward that area,

2:00

but essentially it functionally closed off.

2:03

Uh, and, and kind of occipital ones.

2:05

This is actually a qre three, right?

2:06

So you have a cervical occipital encephalocele.

2:08

Um, you also have some interhemispheric, um, uh,

2:11

holo pers cephalic, uh,

2:14

superior vertex ones are pretty rare.

2:15

You can sometimes see that with amniotic, um, band syndrome.

2:19

And then basal encephalocele.

2:20

So the sphenoid ones, those are the, um, front

2:23

and nasal dysplasia are morning glory syndrome.

2:25

So they can have excavated optic discs, cleft palate,

2:28

duplicated odontoid

2:29

and pituitary, um, oral teratomas, uh,

2:32

hyper tism and so forth and so on.

2:34

So, um, a whole like a, uh, kind of facial, um,

2:38

midface fusion syndrome.