0:00

Lastly, let's review the normal anatomy

0:03

of the female pelvis on ultrasound.

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This is a sagittal transabdominal

0:08

ultrasound cine clip through the uterus.

0:11

We know that they have used a transabdominal

0:14

probe because of this wide fan-shaped

0:17

appearance of the skin surface.

0:19

And so as we scroll through, we can see

0:21

the uterus, this is the uterine fundus,

0:24

we see the myometrium, and then echogenic,

0:27

or bright appearing endometrium.

0:31

This is a transverse image of the uterus. Again,

0:35

this is a transabdominal ultrasound. We can

0:37

see that curved shape at the skin's surface.

0:39

And we see the myometrium, a little

0:42

bit of hypoechoic, or dark appearing

0:45

junctional zone, and then hyperechoic,

0:47

or bright appearing endometrium.

0:49

endometrium.

0:50

When you are reviewing a pelvic ultrasound,

0:54

you will often have the advantage of having

0:55

transabdominal and transvaginal images.

0:59

This is a transvaginal image. We know because

1:01

the shape of the probe has changed, and

1:04

we're currently at the level of the cervix.

1:06

We can get exquisite pictures of the

1:08

cervix on transvaginal ultrasound, and as we

1:11

scroll through, we can see both lips of the

1:14

cervix as well as the endocervical canal.

1:18

This is a transvaginal long or

1:20

sagittal view of the uterus.

1:23

We can again see the myometrium.

1:25

You'll notice there are many

1:27

serpiginous hypoechoic structures

1:30

within the myometrium.

1:31

These are myometrial vessels.

1:34

And as we scroll through, we can see the

1:36

hyperechoic or bright endometrial cavity here.

1:41

We can also get beautiful high-resolution

1:44

images of the ovaries on ultrasound.

1:46

www.

1:46

ottobock.

1:46

com. This is the left ovary.

1:48

We can see multiple hypoechoic or

1:51

dark follicles within the ovary.

1:54

The sonographers will also typically obtain

1:57

color Doppler images of the ovary to prove

2:01

that the ovarian vasculature is patent.

2:03

So we see the left ovary here. It's

2:06

hypoechoic, it's almond-shaped, and we

2:08

see the surrounding adnexal vasculature.

2:12

In addition to doing color Doppler

2:14

evaluation of the ovaries, we will also

2:16

perform a spectral Doppler evaluation of

2:19

the ovaries so that we can verify that

2:22

the ovarian veins and arteries are patent.

2:24

This is the cursor centered over this vessel

2:28

in the central portion of the ovary.

2:32

And we're evaluating the flow

2:34

within this vessel in particular.

2:36

And so we can see that there is an upstroke

2:39

in addition to sort of a flat background.

2:41

And this is a mixed arterial

2:42

and venous waveform.