0:01

So, pancreas is a retroperitoneal organ.

0:04

It doesn't have the capsule, and it demonstrates

0:06

some of the lobulation in the outline.

0:09

Pancreas measures about 6 to 8 centimeters

0:11

in length, and measures about

0:13

3 centimeters at the head, 2 centimeters at

0:16

the body, and 1 centimeter at the tail.

0:19

It is situated just anterior to

0:20

the SMV (Superior mesenteric vein) and SMA (Superior mesenteric artery), and we can broadly

0:24

divide pancreas into different parts.

0:27

Head, which contains the uncinate process,

0:29

which is behind the SMV and SMA.

0:32

And the neck, which is anterior to the SMA,

0:34

and SMV, the body of the pancreas, which is

0:37

behind the lesser sac or the stomach,

0:39

and the tail of the pancreas, which is within the

0:41

splenic hilum or the gastrosplenic ligament.

0:44

Pancreas contains two different kinds of cells.

0:47

One is exocrine and the second is endocrine.

0:50

Exocrine cells secrete some of the enzymes.

0:53

Those are directly secreted into the

0:55

pancreatic duct and it goes to the duodenum.

0:58

It helps in digestion.

1:00

And endocrine cells secretes

1:01

different kinds of hormones,

1:03

like insulin, or glucagon, or somatostatin.

1:06

Those are secreted into the blood, and it goes to

1:08

the bloodstream, and act like hormones,

1:11

and act on different organs throughout the body.

1:14

So pancreas can lead to different kinds of

1:16

pathologies, which are neoplasm, or cystic

1:18

lesions, or pancreatitis, and we are going to deal

1:20

with them one by one, but we need to understand

1:23

that origin of the cells is exocrine or endocrine.

1:26

So, as I said earlier, 95% of the exocrine

1:29

cells are acinar cells, and they form the enzymes

1:33

into the duodenum, and, and

1:35

5% exocrine cells are islet cells of Langerhans.

1:38

And they lead to bloodstream hormone.

1:41

And pancreatic duct measures about 2-3 mm in size.

1:45

And the size of the pancreatic duct actually

1:46

gradually increases as we move towards the head.

1:49

So it is possible that you see the size of the

1:51

pancreatic duct in the tail, which is smaller,

1:53

but it becomes larger in the pancreatic head.

1:55

And none of the patients should have more than

1:57

5 mm of pancreatic duct, whatever the age is.

1:59

So in the elderly patient, the duct

2:01

can measure about 5 mm, for example.

2:03

But for the adult patient, a young

2:05

patient, it can be just 3 mm.

2:07

But none of the patients

2:08

should have more than 5 mm.

2:10

That is very important to understand

2:11

because if it is beyond 5 mm, it can

2:14

represent a pathology underlying.