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Wk 10, Case 3 - Review

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0:00

We're going to do is then we're gonna move

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to the last case for the week.

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And that's, uh, case number five.

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So again, this one,

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it's gonna be a little bit different in how you load this.

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Again, I would recommend we start with the, the phase

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that you're going to need.

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I would do 25 to 35, right?

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And again, you know,

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I didn't give you the full cardiac segments for this

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because we, we didn't really need them.

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But in this case, you know, for the, for the sake of time,

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you know, we'll pull up just segment number 40,

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which ended up being the, the, the one we use for that

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for, for the largest diameter.

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So you pull up your volume assessment,

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and again, we're gonna go through the tower workflow.

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You go here, you're gonna look at TAVR right

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now, remember we tried before

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to do the aortic route, et cetera.

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You can still do that, but again,

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it's not something you need.

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I usually come to the oblique

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and it'll, it'll try to kind of center you there.

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It's not something that I myself like

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to do with the machine.

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I kind of myself like to do it manually.

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But again, it's something that

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to each other, to each their own comfort.

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So if I don't find that that's, uh, where I need it to be,

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then I just usually get it myself and, and line it up here.

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So that's what we're going to do.

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See, we got our planes in view.

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We're gonna scroll right through the valve, right?

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And then we're gonna start at the right coronary cusp.

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Looking over here. So this is my right coronary cusp.

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And you're gonna come right to the bottom of it.

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See where I no longer see that, uh, calcium, right?

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Because that's not part of the leaflet. Okay?

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Then we're gonna rotate, kind of go to like,

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you know, eight o'clock in the, in the clock position.

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We're gonna rotate away from that, okay?

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We're gonna scroll and check here.

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We're in a good position in the plane here.

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We're in a good position in the plane.

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And remember we had already moved to the right,

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but we wanna verify just to make sure

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that we don't have anything to out

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of the ordinary or abnormal.

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So we just wanna make sure here, good here,

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we're good and here we're good.

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Okay? Once you find those measurements, then you go

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to your landmarks.

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So again, I encourage you to click left,

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which click right, non coronary cusp, okay?

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Then your landmarks are put into place.

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So then what you're going to do is once you have these,

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remember you're gonna mark where the esophagus this, so

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esophagus this here, okay?

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So now that you have the esophagus, you go

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to your three Cus p, you go to this,

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you can always change it to to half.

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Okay? So if you feel that it's changed things

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for you, don't worry.

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You go to this and it'll bring you right back.

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So, so don't feel that you've lost your measurements

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'cause you didn't go interior view.

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Click and click okay?

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Now, if you're not sure if you lost it

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or not, come back to your landmarks, you'll make this big

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and go to annulus.

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Click on this. Remember we're gonna hold shift.

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Hold the button that looks good. Leave it there.

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Obviously this area of, of calcium isn't right

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where I want to include in here.

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So I'm gonna correct for this a little bit.

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So let me make sure, perfect. That's where it needs to be.

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Again, you can move your arrows

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and you'll give you the measurements.

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27.2 by 22.3 with a mean diameter of 24.4,

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an area of 4 69 with a perimeter of 78.

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Once you've had those, you're going to simply remember, go

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to the coronary cusp, uh, to the left

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and right coronary artery origins.

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So here we're gonna scroll right through and see the oste

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or the origin of the left main.

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See, we see it right there.

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So what I'm gonna do,

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and you can, don't forget, you can uh, zoom in, hold on.

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Okay? So that's, if you do something like that,

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just hit a rank and delete measurement.

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That way you don't, you don't feel that you're,

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you're stuck with a bad measurement.

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So again, we begin here, here, here,

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15 millimeters

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and then right one is right here already.

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So you go to the right coronary height, you go from the

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bottom of that vessel to here.

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Very good. This is maybe a little bit more generous than

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what I want it to be, but right there, yes.

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So now we have the left and right coronary height

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and we begin with the sinus on the left side.

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So again, left sinus, okay here, go do

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right sinus and,

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and the workflow should walk you right through it.

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See that you don't need

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to do the non coronary sinus is not something

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that it's really relevant.

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You could if you wanted to,

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but I don't, I don't usually include that.

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I usually give 'em the left and right sinuses.

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Then you go to your mean diameter, right?

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Remember you go sinus to commissure for these,

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not unlike when we do with the other ones where it's sinus

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to sinus, sinus to commissure here.

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Last but not least, sinus to the commissure.

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Okay, last

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but not least, remember we go to the sin tubular junction.

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So we go right up to it. See that right?

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Same tubular junction

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and you get your measurements one here

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and two over here.

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Same. So now we have our synott

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tubular junction measurements.

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Last but not least, we get to the ascending aorta. Okay?

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And again, you can uh, zoom out to ensure

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that you can see where you are.

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Uh, if you feel that you need to break the plane to allow

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for retention, do so that's perfectly okay.

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And then you just do your ascending aorta measurements,

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see one and two.

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Okay? And now we have the sending aorta measurements.

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And then last but not least, we're going to get to the um,

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to the actual peripheral component.

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Now here you can do this series individually.

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You can simply go back to the patient list.

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We gave you this segmentation, you can load it,

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you can save your workflow.

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And this is another way that you can do it.

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In case you run two issues, you come back

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to the tablet workflow, right?

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You zoom in, okay?

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And then depending on the quality of the image here

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or units

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or the contrast timing, you can determine,

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I usually again go to curve NPRI zoom in.

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Remember you're gonna go to auto

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and on your short axis you're going to select

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the theoral arteries.

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You press shift, select

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and it should take you all the way

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to the aorta and it did that time.

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And then last but not least, you come back up here

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and then get you there and see you're here.

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Now when you make your way up to the order

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and see how the measurements are off, because it's center

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or center, the line is not thresholding,

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you can click on this dot icon

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and you can center this line.

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So we can track it better if you want. Gonna give you this.

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And it's the reason why the algorithm is thrown off is the

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contrast bolus timing, right?

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Last but not least, you can always again go back

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to the threshold thing, see how it worked.

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Here, it's just a matter of, uh, finding the area

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where you're gonna make your measurement.

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So again, if this is not the area

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where you're gonna make your measurement,

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just mark off the dots.

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Come down to say you wanted to measure here threshold.

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See that? There you go.

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And then it gave you that measurement.

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Calm down to like be sending aorta and again, threshold.

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See, make some measurements for you

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and make your way to the abdominal aorta.

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Minimum diameter, right?

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Or you know, just write the numbers

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Down. You don't

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need to make

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Them yourself Manually. You

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could if you wanted to,

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but it's not something that I would necessarily do.

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You come down here into the external I

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or the common iliac, you come to your external iliac.

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And last but not least, you find your con for moral

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and you make your measurements.

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And then if you need to switch

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Vessels, Just, you know, click on the one

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that you had previously selected.

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We finish off the external iliac

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or the common iliac, the external iliac and f

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Just, uh, you do it.

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Any other questions, any other concerns about these

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workflows with, with Tar Rico?

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And I showed you two ways of doing it

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where you can load both series

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or one where you can do cardiac section first to go back

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to the patient list and load up that information.

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Just make sure that if you're going to save things,

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you know, you can capture measurements.

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See how it says capture, you can capture

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and send it to the output or save it.

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That way you have that. Another option,

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if you're working on terra recon is click save scene.

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So if you save the scene, it will essentially save all

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of the measurements and areas that you've marked

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and then lets you to repopulate that back.

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So that's another more easy option to, to measure the things

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that you, you measured yourself.

Report

Patient History
A 78-year-old male presents with severe aortic valve stenosis. Request for Cardiac CT and CT angiogram chest, abdomen and pelvis for pre-procedural evaluation.

Report
Procedure: Computed tomographic angiography, heart, coronary arteries, and thoracic, abdominal, and proximal peripheral arteries, with contrast material, including 3D image postprocessing (including evaluation of cardiac structure and morphology, assessment of cardiac function, and evaluation of venous structures, if performed) (CPT code: 75574).

Technique: TAVR CT cardiac and CT angiogram chest, abdomen, and pelvis.
Gating: Retrospective, ECG-gated helical cardiac volume transitioning to non-gated helical aorta and distal run-off acquisition
Cardiac cycle timing: 0-95%

Contrast type and volume: 60mL at 5ml/sec then 40mL at 2.50mL/sec, followed by 40mL saline at 2.5mL/sec at 4ml/sec
Complications: None
QC: Good signal noise
Artifacts: None

Findings:
Morphology: Tricuspid aortic valve. Calcium distribution in the leaflets is symmetric involving the leaflet margins and base of the leaflets. The estimated AVA is 119 mm2 by 3D planimetry.

LVOT calcification: None.

Aortic Annulus measurements:

Cardiac phase used quantification: 40%

Maximum diameter: 27.1 mm

Minimum diameter: 22.1mm

Mean diameter: 24.6mm

Area: 476 mm2

Perimeter: 78.5 mm

Coronary ostia height:

Right: 15.9mm (to annular plane)

Left: 15.4 mm (to annular plane)

Optimum gantry angles:

3 cusp view: LAO 8, CAU 13

Anterior view: RAO 0, CAU 16

No CRA- CAU view: LAO 32

Cardiac Findings:
Coronary Arteries: Normal coronary origins with a small amount of calcified and non calcified plaque in a multivessel distribution. This study was not optimized for the assessment of the coronary arteries.

Chambers: Left atrial size is dilated in size with no left atrial appendage filling defect. The left and right ventricular cavity sizes are within normal limits. No abnormal filling defects. Hyperdynamic systolic function with an ejection fraction of 74% by volumetric assessment.

Myocardium: Increased wall thickness in concentric hypertrophy pattern. No outpouching or masses.

Pericardium: Normal thickness with no significant effusion or calcium present.

Pulmonary arteries: Normal in size without proximal filling defect. Not fully opacified.

Pulmonary veins: Normal pulmonary venous drainage. There were four noted pulmonary veins, two on the right and two on the left.

Aortoiliac Evaluation:

Cardiac phase used for evaluation 75%

Thoracic Aorta:

The aortic root measures 30.6 x 30.7 x 32.9 mm (sinus to sinus measurement).

The sinotubular junction has a minimum diameter of 26.7 mm.

The ascending aorta has a minimum diameter of 34.3 mm.

There is a three-vessel arch with minimum diameter of 21.4 mm.

The descending aorta has a minimum diameter of at 20.4mm.

The left subclavian has a minimum diameter of 3.41 x 3.54 mm.

There is minimal atherosclerotic disease throughout the thoracic aorta and its branches. No significant tortuosity but the thoracic aorta, aortic arch, and descending thoracic aorta are dilated. There is moderate left subclavian stenosis.

Abdominal Aorta:

The abdominal aorta has a minimum diameter of 13.1 mm.

There is no evidence of significant tortuosity. There is no intraluminal obstruction or thrombi. The celiac axis, SMA, and IMA are patent. There are single renal arteries bilaterally that are patent. There is diffuse calcific atherosclerotic disease throughout the abdominal aorta.

Iliofemoral arteries:

The right common iliac has a minimum diameter of 6.21 mm.

The right external iliac has a minimum diameter of 4.45 mm.

The right common femoral has a minimum diameter of 5.83 mm.

There is extensive atherosclerotic disease throughout the iliofemoral arteries. There is posterior calcification in the RCFA. The femoral head is located at the upper third of the vessel.

The left common iliac has a minimum diameter of 6.41 mm.

The left external iliac has a minimum diameter of 4.33 mm.

The left common femoral has a minimum diameter of 4.44 mm.

There is extensive atherosclerotic disease throughout the iliofemoral arteries. There is a patent stent in the left common iliac artery. There is posterior calcification in the LCFA. The femoral head is located at the upper third of the vessel.

Impressions
1. Aortic annular, root and valve measurements as above.
2. Overall, there is a large amount of plaque in the coronary arteries.
3. Aortoiliac measurements as above.

Case Discussion

Faculty

Giovanni E. Lorenz, DO

Cardiothoracic Radiologist

San Antonio Military Health System (SAMHS)

Emilio Fentanes, MD

Director of Cardiac Imaging, Department of Cardiology

Brooke Army Medical Center

Tags

Vascular

Cardiac valves

Cardiac CT (SCCT Cat B1 Video Case)

Cardiac CT

Cardiac

Acquired/Developmental